Optimal Pole-Swapping in Bipolar DC Networks Using Discrete Metaheuristic Optimizers

Bipolar direct current (DC) networks are emerging electrical systems used to improve the distribution capabilities of monopolar DC networks. These grids work with positive, negative, and neutral poles, they can transport two times power when compared grids. The distinctive features bipolar include ability deal loads (loads connected between positive negative poles) unbalanced load conditions, given that poles not necessarily equal ones. This imbalance deteriorates voltages it causes additional losses in comparison balanced operation scenarios. research addresses problem pole-swapping using combinatorial optimization methods order reduce total grid voltage profiles. a non-solidly grounded wire composed 21 85 nodes considered numerical validations. implemented Chu Beasley genetic algorithm, sine-cosine black-hole algorithm. Numerical results both test feeders demonstrate effect optimal final All simulations were run MATLAB programming environment triangular-based flow method, which is intended for radial system configurations.